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Like skydiving, space diving refers to the act of jumping from an aircraft or spacecraft in outer space and falling to Earth's atmosphere before parachuting to a landing. The Kármán line is the internationally accepted definition as to where space begins at 100 km (62 mi) above sea level. This definition is accepted by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), which is an international standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics and astronautics. The United States Airforce uses 80 km (50 mi) to award astronaut wings. 〔 〕 A number of successful space dives from the stratosphere have been completed to date. In 1959 Joseph Kittinger accomplished a jump from , he then set a long stand record in 1960 when he jumped from . In 1962 Yevgeni Andreyev jumped from and set a longest free fall record that was surpassed by Felix Baumgartner who made three jumps in 2012 from , and . Alan Eustace set the current world record highest and longest free fall jump in 2014 when he jumped from .〔 〕 Higher jumps from the mesosphere or thermosphere have yet to be successfully performed, though Orbital Outfitters is working to create a suit that will enable safe space diving. Space diving from beyond the stratosphere was first imagined in 1934, appearing in E.E. "Doc" Smith's science fiction novel ''Triplanetary''.〔 〕 ==History== The first stratospheric space dive was in 1959 when Colonel Joseph William Kittinger II (born July 27, 1928 in Tampa, Florida, United States) a former command pilot, career military officer and retired Colonel in the United States Air Force dived from a high-altitude balloon. He participated in Project Excelsior, testing the effects on pilots of ejecting at high altitude and in 1960 set a record for the longest skydive, from a height greater than .〔(Mission to the edge of Space — Red Bull Stratos — Trailer )〕 On 1 November 1962, Yevgeni Andreyev and Pyotr Dolgov ascended from Volsk, near Saratov.〔("Stratospheric balloons launched worldwide in 1962" ), StratoCat〕 Andreyev jumped from the capsule at and free fell before successfully deploying his parachute. Dolgov remained in the capsule and ascended to . Dolgov was primarily testing an experimental pressure suit, and would have deployed a drogue chute like Kittinger's earlier jump. As he exited the gondola, he struck his helmet and cracked the visor, leading to depressurization and his death. In 1965-1966 Nick Piantanida accomplished a set of unsuccessful attempts to jump from and . During the last attempt Piantanida's face mask had depressurized. His Ground controllers immediately jettisoned the balloon at close to . Piantanida barely survived the fall, and the lack of oxygen left him brain damaged and in a coma from which he never recovered. In 2012, Felix Baumgartner broke Kittinger's highest altitude and Andreyev longest free fall records when on October 14 he jumped from over .〔 〕〔 〕 In 2014, Alan Eustace set the current world record highest and longest free fall jump when he jumped from and remained in free fall for .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「space diving」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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